Leather

Where does leather come from?
Leather was created as a food industry by-product from common animals as:

• Bovines
• Pigs
• Sheeps
• Goatlikes
• Etc....

How is leather used and what purpose does it serve?

• Footwear
• Clothing
• Furnishing
• Auto fittings
• Leather goods in general

Why Leather?

• It is natural product;
• Can be kept dust-free, which is a  beneficial to allergy-sufferers;
• Has a comfortable and soft touch;
• Has an exceptionally long, useful life;
• Has a strong, durable surface that is not easily torn;
• Is easy to clean (Can be kept dust-free, which is a beneficial to allergy- sufferers);
• Improves with age.

Leather morphology
The animal hides can be divided in three principal layers:

• Epidermis: (1%)
• Derm: (85%) part used for the tanning process
• Subcutaneous layer: (14%)

Derm
This part of the animal hide is normally split by a mechanical process (called Splitting) into a top layer (Top Grain) and a thick lower layer (Split), which may then be further split.

Bovine leather:
Which part of the raw leather is used for tanning?

How can a bovine hide be splitted:

Some commercial classification of leather:

Natural markings: